United States Regiments & Batteries > Ohio


The 23rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry Regiment lost 5 officers and 154 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded and 1 officer and 130 enlisted men to disease during the Civil War.

It is honored by a monument at Antietam, as is one of its members, William McKinley. Two of its members became President of the United States, Rutherford B. Hayes and William McKinley, and a third, Stanley Matthews, became a United States Senator.

1861
Organized at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio
June 11, Mustered in for three years service under Colonel William Rosecrans. When Rosecrans was promoted to brigadier general Colonel E.P. Scammon took over the Regiment and Stanley Matthews as Lieutenant-Colonel.
July 25 Left State for Benwood, Va.
July 28 Moved to Weston
August Duty at Weston, Suttonville, Summerville and Glenville. Attached to Cox’s Kanawha Brigade, West Virginia
August 26 Action at Cross Lanes, Va.
September Attached to Scammon’s Brigade, District of the Kanawha, Va.
September 10 Action at Carnifex Ferry
September 15 Moved to Little Sewell Mountain
October Retreat to New River
October 19-November 16 Operations in Kanawha Valley and New River Region attached to 3rd Brigade, Kanawha Division
November 11-12 Cotton Mountain
November At Fayette Court House
December 28 Occupation of Raleigh Court House (Companies A, B, F and G)
1862
March Attached to 1st Brigade, Kanawha Division, Dept. of the Mountains
February 8 Action at mouth of Blue Stone
April 23-May 1 Advance on Princeton
May 1 Camp Creek (Company C)
May 5 Princeton
May 7-10 Giles Court House
July 4 Flat Top Mountain
August 6 Pack’s Ferry, New River
August 15-24 Movement to Washington, D.C.
September 6-22 Maryland Campaign. Attached to 1st Brigade, Kanawha Division, 9th Army Corps, Army of the Potomac
September 14
Battle of South Mountain

The regiment lost 32 killed, 95 wounded, and 3 missing. Lieutenant Colonel Rutherford B. Hayes was wounded.

September 16-17
Battle of Antietam

The 23rd Ohio was commanded at Antietam by Major James M. Comly as Colonel Scammon commanded the division as senior officer and Lieutenant Colonel Hayes had been wounded at South Mountain.

From the monument:

This Regiment with its Brigade crossed the Ford of Antietam Creek in the afternoon of Sept. 17, 1862, and held this position until the close of the battle. Its loss was 8 men killed, 1 officer and 58 men wounded, 2 men missing, total 69.

From the War Department marker for Ewing’s Brigade on the Antietam bayylefield:

On the evening of September 16th, Ewing’s Brigade formed line under cover of the ridge east of the Antietam, and southeast of the Burnside Bridge. On the morning of the 17th it followed the left bank of the Antietam to Snavely’s Ford where it crossed and moving up the right bank of the stream until nearly abreast the bridge, advanced in support of Rodman’s Division over the hills and ravines to this point where it met and temporarily checked the advance of A.P. Hill’s Division. Its left having been turned by the enemy, it fell back to the cover of the rolling ground east of this tablet.

From Major Comley’s Official Report on the 23rd Ohio at Antietam:

The Twenty-third fell in with the enemy about 9 o’clock a. m. yesterday near the summit of the mountain. We immediately formed and advanced to meet him. The order was given to charge, and the regiment advanced to the charge in as good order as possible, through the thick woods into a corn-field. The enemy was behind the stone fence at the crest of the hill, five regiments, with one piece of artillery.

As soon as our approach was discovered, a deadly fire was opened from the enemy’s whole line. Most of our loss occurred at this point. Colonel Hayes was wounded and carried off the field; also Captain Skiles, Company C; Lieutenant Naughton, Company F, slightly, and Lieutenant Hood, supposed mortally. I soon afterward received information that the enemy were flanking us on the left, and swung our line to face the new direction. About the same time you arrived with support, since which time the occurrences were under your own eye.

October 8 Moved to Chambersburg
October 13-14 Expedition after Stuart
October 26-November 14 Moved to Clarksburg, Suttonville, Summerville, Gauley Bridge and Kanawha Falls and attched to 1st Brigade, Kanawha Division, District of West Virginia, Dept. of the Ohio
November 18 Duty at Falls of the Great Kanawha
1863
March 15 At Charleston. Attached to 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, 8th Army Corps, Middle Department
June Attached to 1st Brigade, Scammon’s Division, Dept. of West Virginia
July 5-14 Expedition to Piney in pursuit of Loring
July 2-26 In pursuit of Morgan
July 18 Action at Pomeroy, Ohio
July 19 Little Hocking River
July Return to Charleston, W. Va.
July 31 Morris Mills
November 24-28 Expedition to Wayne Court House
December Attached to 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, Dept. of West Virginia
1864
April Attached to 1st Brigade, 2nd Infantry, Division West Virginia
May 2-19 Crook’s Raid on Virginia & Tennessee Railroad
May 9 Battle of Cloyd’s Mountain
May 10 New River Bridge and Doublin Depot
May 24 Meadow Bluff
May 26-July 1 Hunter’s Raid to Lynchburg
June 2 Covington
June 5 Piedmont
June 6 Buffalo Gap
June 11-12 Lexington
June 17 Diamond Hill
June 17-18 Lynchburg
June 19 Buford’s Gap
June 21 About Salem
July 12-15 Moved to Shenandoah Valley
July 24 Winchester
July 25 Martinsburg
August 7-November 28 Sheridan’s Shenandoah Valley Campaign
August 15 Strasburg and Fisher’s Hill
August 24 Summit Point
August 26 Halltown
September 3 Berryville
September 19
Third Battle of Winchester (Opequan)

The regiment lost 150 men

September 22
Fisher’s Hill
October 19
Battle of Cedar Creek
October-December Duty at Kernstown
November 20 & 30 Kablestown
December 20 Moved to Stephenson’s Depot
December 29 To Martinsburg, W. Va.
1865
January 1 To Cumberland, Md. Attached to 1st Brigade, 1st Infantry, Division West Virginia
April Duty at Cumberland. Attached to 4th Provisional Division West Virginia
July 26 Mustered out