United States Regiments & Batteries > Maryland


The Purnell Legion Maryland Infantry lost 1 officer and 42 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded and 1 officer and 73 enlisted men to disease during the Civil War. It is honored by a monument at Antietam.

The “legion” was an organization used on both sides in the early part of the Civil War, and was conceived as a combined arms organization incorporating infantry, cavalry and artillery in one unit. The Purnell Legion consisted of nine companies of infantry, two companies of cavalry, and two batteries of light artillery.

As the war went on the legion concept did not fit well into the large armies that were forming. The legions on both sides were broken up and their components assigned to their respective arms. The Purnell Legion split up in February of 1862 .

1861
October 31 to December 31 Organized as a legion of nine companies of infantry, two companies of cavalry, and two batteries of light artillery by Colonel William Purnell, Postmaster of Baltimore, at Pikesville Arsenal, under special authority of the Secretary of War. Attached to Dix’s Division, Baltimore, Maryland.
November 14-22 Expedition through Accomac and Northampton Counties, Va.
1862
February Colonel Purnell resigned and the Legion was broken up into a regiment of nine companies of infantry, two independent companies of cavalry and Battery A and Battery B, Maryland Light Artillery.
March Duty at Baltimore and with Lockwood on Eastern Shore, Va. assigned to Lockwood’s Brigade, Middle Department
March 17 William J. Leonard was appointed colonel.
April 8 Captain Benjamin L. Simpson of Company A, a carpenter and former ship captain from Baltimore, was promoted to major.
May 25 Ordered to Harper’s Ferry and attached to 2nd Brigade, Sigel’s Division, Department of the Shenandoah
May 28-30

Defense of Harper’s Ferry

June

Operations in Shenandoah Valley

Assigned to 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, 2nd Corps, Pope’s Army of Virginia

July 23 Major Simpson was promoted to lieutenant colonel.
August 9

Battle of Cedar Mountain

August 16-
September 2

Pope’s Campaign in Northern Virginia

Assigned to 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, 2nd Corps, Army of Virginia

August 21-23 Fords of the Rappahannock
August 22

Catlett’s Station

Colonel Leonard was captured.

August 27-29 Plains of Manassas (Reserve)
August 30

Second Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas)

The regiment was in reserve.

September 6-22

Maryland Campaign

Assigned to 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, 12th Corps, Army of the Potomac.

September 14

Battle of South Mountain

The regiment was in reserve.

September 16-17

Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg)

From the monument to the west of the Dunker Church:

Occupied a line running north from this marker. Loss, 3 killed, 23 wounded.

From the first of three War Department markers for Goodrich’s Brigade at Antietam:

Goodrich’s Brigade was detached from its Division, when east of Joseph Poffenberger’s, and ordered to the assistance of Doubleday’s Division. It crossed the Hagerstwon Pike near Miller’s, formed in the north part of the West Woods and on the open ground east of them and, supported by Patrick’s Brigade, advanced in the direction of the Dunkard Church. When nearing this point it was stubbornly resisted by the enemy posted in the woods immediately southwest of this, and Colonel Goodrich was mortally wounded. The loss in the Brigade was heavy and it was obliged to retire.

From the second of three War Department markers for Goodrich’s Brigade at Antietam:

When nearing the East Woods, early on the 17th, Goodrich’s Brigade was detached from its Division and ordered to the assistance of Doubleday’s Division engaged north of this. The Purnell Legion was detached near D. R. Miller’s and did not participate with its Brigade in the action near this point, but was engaged with its Division west of the Dunkard Church. After the repulse of the Brigade near this point, the 78th New York was detached.

From the last of three War Department markers for Goodrich’s Brigade at Antietam:

Goodrich’s Brigade was detached from its Division, and supported Gibbon’s and Patrick’s Brigades of the First Army Corps in the fields and woods west of this point.

From Lieutenant Colonel Simpson’s Official Report on the Purnell Legion at Antietam:

We entered the field about 7 o’clock, and were immediately detached from our brigade, by order of General Williams, and sent to the support of the One hundred and twenty-fourth Pennsylvania Regiment, which position we held until ordered away. It entered the woods on the right of a white school-house [Dunker Church], where it formed in line and went into action, where it remained until the enemy appeared in overwhelming numbers and compelled it to retire. It fell back to the woods on our right, where our artillery were stationed, when we again formed in line, and went into camp with the brigade.

September 22 Moved to Bolivar Heights
September 24 Colonel Leonard was paroled and released from Libby Prison in Richmond.
October Assigned to 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, 12th Corps
November 9 Reconnaissance to Rippen, Virginia
November 26 Colonel Leonard resigned due to “family affliction” and private business.
December Detached and assigned to duty at Frederick, Maryland and in the Middle Department.
December 5 Lieutenant Colonel Simpson resigned.
1863
January 12 Captain Samuel A. Graham of Company D was promoted to colonel.
February Assigned to 3rd Separate Brigade, 8th Corps
June Transferred to 1st Separate Brigade, 8th Corps
1864
May 26 Joined the Army of the Potomac in the field assigned to 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, 5th Corps. 
May 30-June 15

Overland Campaign

May 30 Shady Grove
June 1-12

Cold Harbor

June 1-3 Bethesda Church
June 7 The regiment was joined by Purnell Legion Independent Cavalry Companies A and B, which had been dismounted to serve as infantry.
June 16-18

First Assault on  Petersburg

Siege of Petersburg begins. Attached to 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, 5th Corps

June 21-23 Jerusalem Plank Road
July 30

Battle of the Crater

Colonel Graham was shot in the hand.

August 18-21

Weldon Railroad

September 29-October 2

Poplar Springs Church

October 2-5

Yellow House

October 7-8.

Peeble’s Farm

October 24 The Purnell Legion Maryland Infantry was mustered out under the command of Colonel Graham. Veterans and Recruits were transferred to the 1st Maryland Infantry Regiment.