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Major General Gustavus Smith (6/1)
General Robert E. Lee
On May 31 General Joseph E. Johnston was wounded in the Battle of Seven Pines. His second in command, Major General Gustavus Smith, took over. But Smith’s health was already poor, and it broke down completely under the responsibility of army command. General Robert E. Lee was appointed to take over the army.
After Seven Pines McClellan halted his advance against Richmond and dug in to defensive positions. This gave Lee several weeks to reorganize and get the feel for his new command. On June 26 Lee attacked in what would be known as the Seven Days battles, throwing McClellan back from Richmond and destroying his will to fight, if not his army.
A month of organization
The forces that had concentrated to defend Richmond in April and May had grown to nine unattached divisions, with two more on the way under Jackson. These numbers were difficult for one commander to manage, so by the end of the month Lee grouped several divisions under three senior division commanders to streamline the command structure. Army corps would not be authorized under Confederate law until fall, but these senior division commanders served as de facto corps commanders and their commands are often (improperly) referred to as corps.
The individual divisions were unattached (they reported directly to Lee) until near the end of the month, but they are shown here listed in the commands to which they were eventually assigned.
Longstreet’s Command |
Major General James Longstreet | |
| A. P. Hill’s Division | Major General Ambrose Powell Hill | from Unattached (below) 6/29 |
| D.H. Hill’s Division | Major General Daniel Harvey Hill | from Unattached (below) 6/22 |
| Huger’s Division | Major General Benjamin Huger | from Unattached (below) |
| Longstreet’s Division | Brigadier General Richard H. Anderson | |
Jackson’s Command
|
Major General Thomas J. Jackson | arrived 6/25 from Valley District |
| Ewell’s Division | Major General Richard S. Ewell | |
| Jackson’s Division | Major General Thomas J. Jackson | |
| Whiting’s Division | Major General William H.C. Whiting | |
Magruder’s Command |
Major General John B. Magruder | |
| Jones’ Division | Brigadier General David R. Jones | |
| Magruder’s Division | Brigadier General Howell Cobb | |
| McLaws’ Division | Major General Lafayette McLaws | |
Other CommandsHolmes’ Division – Major General Theophilus H. Holmes |
||
| Daniel’s Brigade | Colonel Junius Daniel | |
| 43rd North Carolina Infantry Regiment | Colonel Thomas S. Kenan | |
| 45th North Carolina Infantry Regiment | Lieutenant Colonel John H. Morehead | |
| 50th North Carolina Infantry Regiment | Colonel Marshall D. Craton | |
| Burrough’s Cavalry Battalion | Major Edgar Burroughs | |
| Ransom’s Brigade | Brigadier General Robert Ransom, Jr. | |
| 24th North Carolina Infantry Regiment | Colonel William J. Clarke | |
| 25th North Carolina Infantry Regiment | Colonel Henry M. Rutledge | |
| 26th North Carolina Infantry Regiment | Colonel Zebulon B. Vance | |
| 35th North Carolina Infantry Regiment | Colonel Matthew Whitaker Ransom Lieutenant Colonel O.C. Petway |
|
| 48th North Carolina Infantry Regiment | Colonel Robert C. Hill | |
| 49th North Carolina Infantry Regiment | Colonel Stephen D. Ramseur (w 7/1) Lieutenant Colonel Oliver C. Petway (mw 7/1) |
|
| Petersburg (Va.) Artillery | Captain James R. Branch | |
| Walker’s Brigade | Brigadier General John G. Walker | |
| 3rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment | Colonel Van H. Manning | |
| 2nd Georgia Infantry Battalion | Major George W. Ross | |
| 27th North Carolina Infantry Regiment | Colonel John R. Cooke | |
| 46th North Carolina Infantry Regiment | Colonel Edward D. Hall | |
| 30th Virginia Infantry Regiment | Colonel Archibald Harrison | |
| Stafford (Va.) Battery | Captain Thomas B. French | |
| Wise’s Brigade | Brigadier General Henry A. Wise | temp. attached from D.H. Hill’s Div. |
| 26th Virginia Infantry Regiment | Colonel Powhatan R. Page | |
| 46th Virginia Infantry Regiment | Colonel Richard T.W. Duke | |
| 4th Virginia Heavy Artillery | ||
| Andrews’ (VA) Battery | Captain W.G. Andrews | |
| Rives’ (Va.) Battery | Captain J.H. Rives | |
| Artillery Battalion | Colonel James Deshler | |
| Company C, 1st North Carolina Artillery | Captain Thomas H. Brem | |
| Petersburg (Va.) Artillery | Captain James Read Branch | |
| Stafford (Va.) Artillery | Captain John R. Cooke | |
Cavalry Brigade – Brigadier General James E. B. Stuart
| Jefferson Davis (MS) Legion | Lt. Colonel William T. Martin | |
| 1st North Carolina Cavalry Regiment | Colonel Laurence S. Baker | returned from NC |
| 1st Virginia Cavalry Regiment | Colonel Fitzhugh Lee | |
| 3rd Virginia Cavalry Regiment | Colonel Thomas F. Goode | |
| 4th Virginia Cavalry Regiment | Colonel Williams C. Wickham | |
| 5th Virginia Cavalry Regiment | Colonel Thomas L. Rosser | |
| 9th Virginia Cavalry Regiment | Colonel W. H. F. Lee | |
| 10th Virginia Cavalry Regiment | Colonel James L. Davis | |
| Cobb’s (GA) Legion Cavalry | Colonel Thomas R.R. Cobb | |
| Hampton Legion (SC) Cavalry | Major Matthew C. Butler | |
| Stuart (VA) Horse Artillery | Captain John Pelham |
Artillery Reserve – Brigadier General William N. Pendleton
| First Virginia Artillery Battalion | Colonel J. Thompson Brown | |
| Richmond Fayette Artillery | Lieutenant William I. Clopton | |
| 2nd Richmond (Va.) Howitzers | Captain David Watson | |
| 3rd Richmond (Va.) Howitzers | Captain Edgar F Moseley | |
| Powhattan (Va.) Artillery | Captain Willis J. Dance | |
| Salem (Va.) Flying Artillery | Captain Abraham Hupp | |
| Williamsburg (Va.) Artillery | Captain John A. Coke | |
| Jones’ Artillery Battalion | Major Hilary Jones | |
| Brooks (SC) Artillery | Captain Andrew B. Rhett | from Charleston SC |
| Long Island (Va.) Artillery | Captain Abram Wimbish | |
| Richmond Orange (Va.) Artillery-Y | Captain Thomas Jefferson Peyton | |
| Nelson’s Artillery Battalion | Major William Nelson | |
| Amherst (Va.) Artillery | Captain Thomas J. Kirkpatrick | |
| 1st Fluvanna (Va.) Artillery | Captain Charles T. Huckstep | |
| Louisa Morris Artillery | Captain Richard C.M. Page | |
| Richardson’s Artillery Battalion | Major Charles Richardson | |
| 2nd Fluvanna (Va.) Artillery | Captain John J. Ancell | |
| Milledge’s Regular (Ga.) Battery | Captain John Milledge | |
| Masters’ (Va.) Battery | Captain L. Masters | |
| Sumter (GA) Flying Artillery Battalion | Lieutenant Colonel Allen S. Cutts | |
| Company A | Captain Hugh M. Ross | |
| Company B | Captain John V. Price | |
| Company C | Captain John Lane | |
| Company D | Captain James A. Blackshear | |
| Unassigned | ||
| Dabney’s (Va.) Battery | Captain W.J. Dabney |